Recent Publications from PhysioNet

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Journal articles

2018

  1. Chang J, Paydarfar D. Evolution of extrema features reveals optimal stimuli for biological state transitions. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):3403. PMCID: PMC5821862.
  2. Costa MD, Redline S, Davis RB, Heckbert SR, Soliman EZ, Goldberger AL. Heart rate fragmentation as a novel biomarker of adverse cardiovascular events: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Front Physiol. 2018;9:1117. PMCID: PMC6129761.
  3. Geovanini GR, Wang R, Weng J, Tracy R, Jenny NS, Goldberger AL, Costa MD, Liu Y, Libby P, Redline S. Elevations in neutrophils with obstructive sleep apnea: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Int J Cardiol. 2018;257:318–23. PMCID: PMC5842816.
  4. Henriques TS, Costa MD, Mathur P, Mathur P, Davis RB, Mittleman MA, Khabbaz KR, Goldberger AL, Subramaniam B. Complexity of preoperative blood pressure dynamics: possible utility in cardiac surgical risk assessment. J Clin Monit Comput. 2018 [Epub ahead of print]. PMCID: PMC6150848.
  5. Li T, Matsushima M, Timpson W, Young S, Miedema D, Gupta M, Heldt T. Epidemiology of patient monitoring alarms in the neonatal intensive care unit. J Perinatol. 2018;38(8):1030–38. PMCID: PMC6092211.
  6. Pollard TJ, Johnson AEW, Raffa JD, Celi LA, Mark RG, Badawi O. The eICU Collaborative Research Database, a freely available multi-center database for critical care research. Sci Data. 2018;5:180178. PMCID: PMC6132188.
  7. Zuzarte I, Indic P, Sternad D, Paydarfar D. Quantifying movement in preterm infants using photoplethysmography. Ann Biomed Eng. 2018 Sep 25 [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 30255214.

2017

  1. Costa MD, Davis RB, Goldberger AL. Heart rate fragmentation: A new approach to the analysis of cardiac interbeat interval dynamics. Front Physiol. 2017;8:255. PMCID: PMC5422439.
  2. Costa MD, Davis RB, Goldberger AL. Heart rate fragmentation: A symbolic dynamical approach. Front Physiol. 2017;8:827. PMCID: PMC5694498.
  3. Gee AH, Barbieri R, Paydarfar D, Indic P. Predicting bradycardia in preterm infants using point process analysis of heart rate. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2017;64(9):2300-8. PMCID: PMC5606224.

2016

  1. Chen KP, Cavender S, Lee J, Feng M, Mark RG, Celi LA, Mukamal KJ, Danziger J. Peripheral Edema, central venous pressure, and risk of AKI in critical illness. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;11(4):602–8. PMCID: PMC4822669.
  2. Clifford GD, Silva I, Moody B, Li Q, Kella D, Chahin A, Kooistra T, Perry D, Mark RG. False alarm reduction in critical care. Physiol Meas. 2016;37(8):E5–E23. PMCID: PMC5017205.
  3. Danziger J, Chen KP, Lee J, Feng M, Mark RG, Celi LA, Mukamal KJ. Obesity, acute kidney injury, and mortality in critical illness. Crit Care Med. 2016;44(2):328–34. PMCID: PMC4715729.
  4. Dean DA 2nd, Goldberger AL, Mueller R, Kim M, Rueschman M, Mobley D, Sahoo SS, Jayapandian CP, Cui L, Morrical MG, Surovec S, Zhang GQ, Redline S. Scaling up scientific discovery in sleep medicine: The National Sleep Research Resource. (Review) Sleep. 2016;39(5):1151–64. PMCID: PMC4835314.
  5. Goldberger AL, Henriques T, Mariani S. Sublimation-like behavior of cardiac dynamics in heart failure: a malignant phase transition? Complexity. 2016;21(Suppl 2):24–32. PMCID: PMC5172451.
  6. Henriques TS, Mariani S, Burykin A, Rodrigues F, Silva TF, Goldberger AL. Multiscale Poincaré plots for visualizing the structure of heartbeat time series. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2016;16:17. PMCID: PMC4746786.
  7. Lehman LH, Mark RG, Nemati S. A model-based machine learning approach to probing autonomic regulation from nonstationary vital-signs time series. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. PP(99):1, Dec. 2016. [Epub ahead of print]. (PMID: 28114047)
  8. Pimentel MA, Brennan T, Lehman LW, King NK, Ang BT, Feng M. Outcome prediction for patients with traumatic brain injury with dynamic features from intracranial pressure and arterial blood pressure signals: a Gaussian process approach. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2016;122:85–91. PMCID: PMC5484054.
  9. Schnettler WT, Goldberger AL, Ralston SJ, Costa M. Complexity analysis of fetal heart rate preceding intrauterine demise. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2016;203:286–90. PMCID: PMC4970898.

2015

  1. Burykin A, Mariani S, Henriques T, Silva TF, Schnettler WT, Costa MD, Goldberger AL. Remembrance of time series past: simple chromatic method for visualizing trends in biomedical signals. Physiol Meas. 2015;36(7):N95–102. PMCID: PMC4492109.
  2. Costa MD, Goldberger AL. Generalized multiscale entropy analysis: Application to quantifying the complex volatility of human heartbeat time series. Entropy (Basel). 2015;17(3):1197–1203. PMCID: PMC4834981.
  3. Lehman LW, Adams RP, Mayaud L, Moody GB, Malhotra A, Mark RG, Nemati S. A physiological time series dynamics-based approach to patient monitoring and outcome prediction. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2015 May;19(3):1068–76. (PMID: 25014976).
  4. Mariani S, Borges AF, Henriques T, Goldberger AL, Costa MD. Use of multiscale entropy to facilitate artifact detection in electroencephalographic signals. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2015;2015:7869–72. PMCID: PMC4855284.
  5. Morgado E, Alonso-Atienza F, Santiago-Mozos R, Barquero-Pérez Ó, Silva I, Ramos J, Mark R. Quality estimation of the electrocardiogram using cross-correlation among leads. Biomed Eng Online. 2015;14:59. PMCID: PMC4475316.
  6. Silva I, Moody B, Behar J, Johnson A, Oster J, Clifford GD, Moody GB. Robust detection of heart beats in multimodal data. Physiol Meas. 2015;36(8):1629–44. PMCID: PMC4668947.
  7. Smith VC, Kelty-Stephen D, Qureshi Ahmad M, Mao W, Cakert K, Osborne J, Paydarfar D. Stochastic Resonance Effects on Apnea, Bradycardia, and Oxygenation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatrics. 2015 Dec;136(6):e1561–8. (PMID: 26598451).

2014

  1. Badawi O, Brennan T, Celi LA, Feng M, Ghassemi M, Ippolito A, Johnson A, Mark RG, Mayaud L, Moody G, Moses C, Naumann T, Pimentel M, Pollard TJ, Santos M, Stone DJ, Zimolzak A. Making big data useful for health care: A summary of the inaugural MIT critical data conference. JMIR Med Inform, 2(2):e22, 2014.
  2. Burykin A, Costa MD, Citi L, Goldberger AL. Dynamical density delay maps: simple, new method for visualising the behaviour of complex systems. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak, 14:6, 2014. (PMCID: PMC3899032).
  3. Clifford GD, Silva I, Behar J, Moody GB. Non-invasive fetal ECG analysis. Physiol Meas, 35(8):1521–36, Aug. 2014. Epub 2014 Jul 2 (PMID:25071093)
  4. Chang J, Paydarfar D. Switching neuronal state: optimal stimuli revealed using a stochastically-seeded gradient algorithm. J Comput Neurosci, 37(3):569–82, Dec. 2014 [Epub ahead of print] (PMID: 25145955).
  5. Costa MD, Henriques T, Munshi MN, Segal AR, Goldberger AL. Dynamical glucometry: Use of multiscale entropy analysis in diabetes. Chaos, 24:033139, 2014. (PMID: 25273219).
  6. Costa MD, Schnettler WT, Amorim-Costa C, Bernardes J, Costa A, Goldberger AL, Ayres-de-Campos D. Complexity-loss in fetal heart rate dynamics during labor as a potential biomarker of acidemia. Early Hum Dev, 90:67–71, 2014. (PMCID: PMC4077599).
  7. Cui X, Peng CK, Costa MD, Weiss A, Goldberger AL, Hausdorff JM. Development of a new approach to quantifying stepping stability using ensemble empirical mode decomposition. Gait Posture. 39:495–500, 2014. (PMCID:PMC3880851).
  8. Goldberger ZD, Creutzfeldt CJ, Goldberger AL. Catastrophic neurologic syndrome with dramatic ECG changes. J Electrocardiol, 47:80–3, 2014. (PMCID: PMC4104694).
  9. Henriques T, Munshi MN, Segal AR, Costa MD, Goldberger AL. "Glucose-at-a-Glance": New method to visualize the dynamics of continuous glucose monitoring Data. J Diabetes Sci Technol, 8:299–306, 2014. [Epub ahead of print] (PMID: 24876582).
  10. Moskowitz A, Lee J, Donnino MW, Mark R, Celi LA, , Danziger J. The association between admission magnesium concentrations and lactic acidosis in critical illness. J Intensive Care Med, 0885066614530659, Apr. 2014. [Epub ahead of print]. (PMID:24733810)
  11. Silva I, Moody G. An open-source toolbox for analysing and processing physionet databases in MATLAB and octave. Journal of Open Research Software, 2(1):e27, 2014. (PMID: 26525081).
  12. Subramaniam B, Khabbaz KR, Heldt T, Lerner AB, Mittleman MA, Davis RB, Goldberger AL, Costa MD. Blood pressure variability: can nonlinear dynamics enhance risk assessment during cardiovascular surgery? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 28:392–7, 2014. (PMCID: PMC4042180).
  13. Thomas RJ, Mietus JE, Peng CK, Guo D, Gozal D, Montgomery-Downs H, Gottlieb DJ, Wang CY, Goldberger AL. Relationship between delta power and the electrocardiogram-derived cardiopulmonary spectrogram: possible implications for assessing the effectiveness of sleep. Sleep Med, 15:125–31, 2014. (PMCID: PMC4114218).

2013

  1. Cancio LC, Batchinsky AI, Baker WL, Necsoiu C, Salinas J, Goldberger AL, Costa MD. Combat casualties undergoing lifesaving interventions have decreased heart rate complexity at multiple time scales. J Crit Care, 28:1093–8, 2013. (PMCID: PMC4018756).
  2. Karavirta L, Costa MD, Goldberger AL, Tulppo MP, Laaksonen DE, Nyman K, Keskitalo M, Häkkinen A, Häkkinen K. Heart rate dynamics after combined strength and endurance training in middle-aged women: heterogeneity of responses. PLoS One, 8:e72664, 2013. (PMCID: PMC3754931).
  3. Stirling LA, Lipsitz LA, Qureshi M, Kelty-Stephen DG, Goldberger AL, Costa MD. Use of a tracing task to assess visuomotor performance: effects of age, sex, and handedness. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 68:938–45, 2013. (PMCID: PMC3712360).
  4. Wayne PM, Manor B, Novak V, Costa MD, Hausdorff JM, Goldberger AL, Ahn AC, Yeh GY, Peng CK, Lough M, Davis RB, Quilty MT, Lipsitz LA. A systems biology approach to studying Tai Chi, physiological complexity and healthy aging: design and rationale of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials, 34:21–34, 2013. (PMCID: PMC3638751).
  5. Scott DJ, Lee J, Silva I, Park S, Moody GB, Celi LA, Mark RG. Accessing the public MIMIC-II intensive care relational database for clinical research. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak, 13:9, 2013. (PMCID: PMC3598967).
  6. Williamson JR, Bliss DW, Paydarfar D. Forecasting respiratory collapse: theory and practice for averting life-threatening infant apneas. Respir Physiol Neurobiol, 189:223–31, 2013.
  7. Indic P, Paydarfar D, Barbieri R. Point process modeling of interbreath interval: a new approach for the assessment of instability of breathing in neonates. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 60:2858–66, 2013.
  8. Celi L, Scott D, Lee J, Nelson R, Mukamal K, Mark R, Danziger J. Association of hypermagnesemia and blood pressure in the critically ill. J Hypertens, 31(11):2136–2141, Nov. 2013. (PMID:24029865)
  9. Celi LA, Mark RG, Stone DJ, Montgomery RA. "Big Data" in the Intensive Care Unit. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 187(11):1157–1160, 2013. (PMID:23725609)
  10. Danziger J, William JH, Scott DJ, Lee J, Lehman L, Mark RG, Howell MD, Celi LA, Mukamal KJ. Proton-pump inhibitor use is associated with low serum magnesium concentrations. Kidney International, 83:692–699, 2013. Published online 16 January 2013. (PMID:23325090)
  11. Lehman LH, Saeed M, Talmor D, Mark R, Malhotra A. Methods of blood pressure measurement in the ICU. Crit Care Med, 41(1):34–40, Jan. 2013. (PMID:23269127)
  12. Mandelbaum T, Lee J, Scott DJ, Mark RG, Malhotra A, Howell MD, Talmor D. Empirical relationships among oliguria, creatinine, mortality, and renal replacement therapy in the critically ill. Intensive Care Med, 39(3):414–419, Dec. 2013. (T. Mandelbaum and J. Lee contributed equally to this work. Published online 7 December 2012). (PMID:23223822)
  13. Scott DJ, Lee J, Silva I, Park S, Moody GB, Celi LA, Mark RG. Accessing the public MIMIC-II intensive care relational database for clinical research. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak, 13:9, Jan. 2013. (PMID:23302652)

2012

  1. Goldberger ZD, Goldberger AL. Therapeutic ranges of serum digoxin concentrations in patients with heart failure. Am J Cardiol, 109:1818–21, 2012. (PMCID: PMC3646412).
  2. Balachandran JS, Bakker JP, Rahangdale S, Yim-Yeh S, Mietus JE, Goldberger AL, Malhotra A. Effect of mild, asymptomatic obstructive sleep apnea on daytime heart rate variability and impedance cardiography measurements. Am J Cardiol, 109:140–5, 2012.
  3. Silva I, Lee J, Mark RG. Signal quality estimation with multichannel adaptive filtering in intensive care settings. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 59(9):2476–85, Sep. 2012. PubMed PMID: 22717504; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3652526.
  4. Scott DJ, Lee J, Silva I, Park S, Moody GB, Celi LA, Mark RG. Accessing the public MIMIC-II intensive care relational database for clinical research. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak, 10;13:9, Jan. 2013. PubMed PMID: 23302652; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3598967.
  5. Celi LA, Galvin S, Davidzon G, Lee J, Scott D, Mark R. A database-driven decision support system: Customized mortality prediction. J Pers Med, 2(4):138–148, Sept. 2012. (PMID:23766893)
  6. Celi LAG, Lee J, Scott DJ, Panch T, Mark RG. Collective experience: a database-fuelled, inter-disciplinary team-led learning system. J Comput Sci Eng, 6(1):51–59, 2012. (PMID:23766887)
  7. Clifford GD, Moody GB. Signal quality in cardiorespiratory monitoring. Physiol Meas, 33(9), 2012. Focus issue: signal quality in cardiorespiratory monitoring. Gari D Clifford and George B Moody, Guest Editors.
  8. Silva I, Moody GB, Scott DJ, Celi LA, Mark RG. Predicting in-hospital mortality of icu patients: the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2012. Comput Cardiol, 39:245–248, 2012. (PMID:24678516)
  9. Silva I, Lee J, Mark RG. Signal quality estimation with multi-channel adaptive filtering in intensive care settings. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 59(9):2476–85, Sept. 2012. Epub 2012 Jun 14. (PMID:22717504)

2011

  1. Burykin A, Costa M, Peng C-K, Goldberger AL, Buchman TG. Generating Signals with Multiscale Time Irreversibility: The Asymmetric Weierstrass Function. Complexity 2011;16:29–38.
  2. Celi LAG, Tang RJ, Villarroel M, Davidzon GA, Lester WT, Chueh HC. A clinical database-driven approach to decision support: Predicting mortality among patients with acute kidney injury. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2011 Mar;2(1):97–110
  3. Guo D, Peng C-K, Mietus JE, Liu Y, Wu HL, Sun RS, Thomas RJ. ECG-derived cardiopulmonary analysis of pediatric sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep Medicine 2011;12:384–389. PMID: 21396891
  4. Hug C, Clifford GD, Reisner AT. Clinician blood pressure documentation of stable intensive care patients: an intelligent archiving agent has a higher association with future hypotension. Crit Care Med, 39(5):1006–1014, May 2011. [Epub ahead of print]. (doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31820eab8e) (PMID:21336136) (PMCID:3102134)
  5. Leistedt SJ-J, Linkowski P, Lanquart J-P, Mietus JE, Davis RB, Goldberger AL, Costa MD. Decreased neuroautonomic complexity in men during an acute major depressive episode: analysis of heart rate dynamics. Transl Psychiatry 2011; 1, e27, doi:10.1038/tp.2011.23.
  6. Mandelbaum T, Scott DJ, Lee J, Mark RG, Malhotra A, Waikar S, Howell MD, Talmor DS. Outcome of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury using the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria. Crit Care Med, 2011. Preprint available online 14 July 2011. (PMID: 21765352)
  7. Nemati S, Abdala O, Bazan V, Tim-Yeh S, Malhotra A, Clifford GD. A non-parametric surrogate-based test of significance for T-wave alternans detection. IEEE Transactions On Biomedical Engineering, 58(5):1356–64, May 2011. Epub Apr 19, 2010. (doi:10.1109/TBME.2010.2047859) (PMID:20409986) (PMCID:2991534)
  8. Nemati S, Malhotra A, Clifford GD. T-wave alternans patterns during sleep in healthy, cardiac disease, and sleep apnea patients. J Electrocardiol, 44(2):126–30, Mar Apr 2011. Epub Dec 15, 2010. (doi:10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2010.10.036) (PMID:21163493) (PMCID:3062089)
  9. Saeed M, Villarroel M, Reisner AT, Clifford G, Lehman L, Moody G, Heldt T, Kyaw TH, Moody B, Mark RG. Multiparameter intelligent monitoring in intensive care II (MIMIC-II): A public-access intensive care unit database. Crit Care Med, 39(5):952–960, 2011. (doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31820a92c6) (PMID:21283005) (PMCID:3124312)
  10. Yang AC, Yang CH, Hong CJ, Tsai SJ, Kuo CH, Peng C-K, Mietus JE, Goldberger AL, Thomas RJ. Sleep state instabilities in major depressive disorder: detection and quantification with electrocardiogram-based cardiopulmonary coupling analysis. Psychophysiology 2011;48:285–291. PMID: 20624250 PMCID: 2958224

2010

  1. Campana LM, Owens RL, Clifford GD, Pittman SD, Malhotra A. Phase rectified signal averaging as a sensitive index of autonomic changes with aging. J Appl Physiol, 108(6):1668–1673, June 2010. E-print ahead of publication: March 25, 2010. (doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00013.2010) (PMID:20339014) (PMCID:2886688)
  2. Clifford GD, Nemati S, Sameni R. An artificial vector model for generating abnormal electrocardiographic rhythms. Physiol Meas, 31(5):595–609, May 2010. [IOP ‘Featured Article’.] (doi:10.1088/0967–3334/31/5/001) (PMID:20308774) (PMCID:2927500)
  3. Dong J, Liu D, Zhang C, Ma J, Wang GF, Guo D, Liu Y, Zhong H, Zhang J, Peng C-K, Fang J. Automated sleep staging technique based on the empirical mode decomposition algorithm: A preliminary study. Adv Adapt Data Anal 2010; 2:267–276.
  4. Heldt T, Mukkamala R, Moody GB, Mark RG. CVSim: an open-source cardiovascular simulator for teaching and research. The Open Pacing, Electrophysiology, and Therapy Journal, 3:45–54, 2010. (doi:10.2174/1876536X01003010045) PMID: 21949555 PMCID: 3178445
  5. Hu K, Lo MT, Peng C-K, Novak V, Schmidt EA, Kumar A, Czosnyka M. Nonlinear pressure-flow relationship is able to detect asymmetry of brain blood circulation associated with midline shift. J Neurotrauma 2009;26: 227–233. PMID: 19196074 PMCID: 2788024.
  6. Ibrahim LI, Jacono FJ, Patel SR, Thomas RJ, Larkin EK, Mietus JE, Peng C-K, Goldberger AL, Redline S. Heritability of abnormalities in cardiopulmonary coupling in sleep apnea: Use of an electrocardiogram-based technique. SLEEP 2010 May;33(5):643–6. PMID: 20469806 PMCID: 2864879
  7. Kang HG, Costa MD, Priplata AA, Starobinets OV, Goldberger AL, Peng CK, Kiely DK, Cupples LA, Lipsitz LA. Frailty and the degradation of complex balance dynamics during a dual-task protocol. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009; 64:1304–11. Epub 2009 Aug 13. PMID: 19679739
  8. Lee J, Mark RG. An investigation of patterns in hemodynamic data indicative of impending hypotension in intensive care. BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 9(62), 2010. (doi:10.1186/1475–925X-9–62) (PMID:20973998) (PMCID:2976741)
  9. Lin YH, Lin C, Lo MT, Lin HJ, Wu YW, Hsu RB, Chao CL, Hsu HC, Wang PC, Wu VC, Wang SS, Lee CM, Chien KL, Ho YL, Chen MF, Peng C-K. The relationship between aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen and heart rate variability parameters in heart failure patients: a potential serum marker to evaluate cardiac autonomic control and sudden cardiac death. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1821–1827. PMID: 20846104 PMCID: 3141296
  10. Lo MT, Novak V, Peng C-K, Hu K. Nonlinear phase interaction between nonstationary signals: A comparison study of methods based on Hilbert-Huang and Fourier transforms. Phys Rev E 2009;79:061924. PMID: 19658541 PMCID: 2730740.
  11. Manor B, Costa M, Hu K, Newton L, Starobinets O, Kang HG, Peng C-K, Novak V, Lipsitz LA. Physiological complexity and system adaptability: Evidence from postural control dynamics of older adults. J Appl Physiol 2010;109:1786–1791. PMID: 20947715 PMCID: 3006415 [Available on 2011/12/1]
  12. Monasterio V, Clifford GD, Laguna P, Martínez JP. A multilead scheme based on periodic component analysis for T wave alternans analysis in the ECG. Ann Biomed Eng, 38(8):2532–2541, Aug. 2010. (doi:10.1007/s10439–010-0029-z) (PMID:20387121)
  13. Nemati S, Malhotra A, Clifford GD. Data fusion for improved respiration rate estimation. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 2010(926305):1–10, May 2010. (doi:10.1155/2010/926305) (PMID:20806056) (PMCID:2929127)
  14. Sayadi O, Shamsollahi MB, Clifford GD. Robust detection of premature ventricular contractions using a wave-based Bayesian framework. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 57(2):353–362, Feb. 2010. (doi:10.1109/TBME.2009.2031243) (PMID:19758851) (PMCID: 2927513)
  15. Sayadi O, Shamsollahi MB, Clifford GD. Synthetic ECG generation and Bayesian filtering using a Gaussian wave-based dynamical model. Physiol Meas, 31(10):1309–29, Oct. 2010. Epub Aug 18, 2010. (PMID:20720288) (PMCID:2927513)
  16. Thomas RJ, Mietus JE, Peng C-K, Goldberger AL, Crofford LJ, Chervin RD. Impaired sleep quality in fibromyalgia: Detection and quantification with ECG-based cardiopulmonary coupling spectrograms. Sleep Medicine 2010;11:497–498. PMID: 20015685 PMCID: 2854867

2009

  1. Celi LA, Sarmenta L, Rotberg J, Marcelo A, Clifford GD. Mobile care (Moca) for remote diagnosis and screening. Journal of Health Informatics in Developing Countries, 3(1):17–21, 2009. PMID: 21822397 PMCID: 3149792
  2. Clifford GD, Long WJ, Moody GB, Szolovits P. Robust parameter extraction for decision support using multimodal intensive care data. Phil Trans Royal Soc A, 367(1877):411–429, Jan. 2009. Special issue on Signal Processing in Vital Rhythms and Signs. (doi:10.1098/rsta.2008.0157) (PMID:18936019) (PMCID:2617714)
  3. Elinoff J, Talmor D, Subramaniam B, Karmpaliotis D, Goldberger AL, Malhotra A. Effects of mechanical ventilation on the electrocardiogram in adults. Lung 2008; 186::219–23. PMID: 18478291
  4. Hu K, Lo MT, Peng C-K, Novak V, Schmidt EA, Kumar A, Czosnyka M. Nonlinear pressure-flow relationship is able to detect asymmetry of brain blood circulation associated with midline shift. J. Neurotrauma 2009;26:227–233. [PDF] PMID: 19196074 PMCID: 2788024
  5. Kang HG, Costa M, Priplata AA, Starobinets OV, Goldberger AL, Peng C-K, Kiely DK, Cupples LA, Lipsitz LA. Frailty and the degradation of complex balance dynamics during a dual task protocol. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences 2009 Dec;64(12):1304–11. Epub 2009 Aug 13. PMID: 19679739 PMCID: 2781784
  6. Hu K, Lo MT, Peng C-K, Novak V, Schmidt EA, Kumar A, Czosnyka M. Nonlinear pressure-flow relationship is able to detect asymmetry of brain blood circulation associated with midline shift. J Neurotrauma 2009 Feb 11;26(2):227–33. PMID: 19196074 PMCID: 2788024
  7. Li Q, Mark RG, Clifford GD. Artificial arterial blood pressure artifact models and an evaluation of a robust blood pressure and heart rate estimator. BMC Biomed Eng Online, 8(13), 2009. (doi:10.1186/1475–925X-8–13) (PMID:19586547) (PMCID:2728101)
  8. Sun J, Reisner A, Saeed M, Heldt T, Mark R. The cardiac output from blood pressure algorithms trial. Crit Care Med, 37(1):72–80, Jan. 2009. (PMID:19112280) (PMCID:3107992)
  9. Thomas RJ, Weiss MD, Mietus JE, Peng C-K, Goldberger AL, Gottlieb DJ. Prevalent hypertension and stroke in the Sleep Heart Health Study: Association with an ECG-derived spectrographic marker of cardiopulmonary coupling. Sleep 2009; 32:897–904. PMID: 19639752 PMCID: 2706909
  10. Zhang J, Yang XC, Luo L, Shao J, Zhang C, Ma J, Wang GF, Liu Y, Peng C-K, Fang J. Assessing severity of obstructive sleep apnea by fractal dimension sequence analysis of sleep EEG. Physica A 2009; 388:4407–4414.

2008

  1. Aboukhalil A, Nielsen L, Saeed M, Mark RG, Clifford GD. Reducing false alarm rates for critical arrhythmias using the arterial blood pressure waveform. J Biomed Inform, 41(3):442–451, June 2008. (doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2008.03.003) (PMID:18440873) (PMCID: 2504518)
  2. Clifford GD, Blaya JA, Hall-Clifford R, Fraser HSF. Medical information systems: A foundation for healthcare technologies in developing countries. BMC Biomed Eng Online, 7(1):18, 2008. (doi:10.1186/1475–925X-7–18) (PMID:18547411) (PMCID:2504518)
  3. Costa M, Ghiran I, Peng C-K, Nicholson-Weller A, Goldberger AL. Complex dynamics of human red blood cell flickering: Alterations with in vivo aging. Physical Review E (Rapid Communication) 2008; 78:020901. PMID 18850779 PMCID: 2633132. [This publication was cited in Kaleidoscope, which features PRE images of special interest, and also in the Virtual Journal of Physics.]
  4. Jia X, Malhotra A, Saeed M, Mark RG, Talmor D. Risk factors for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in patients mechanically ventilated for greater than 48 hours. Chest, 133(4):853–861, Apr. 2008. (doi:10.1378/chest.07–1121) (PMID:18263691) (PMCID:2628459)
  5. Li Q, Mark RG, Clifford GD. Robust heart rate estimation from multiple asynchronous noisy sources using signal quality indices and a Kalman filter. IOP Physiol Meas, 29(1):15–32, Jan. 2008. [Awarded the Martin Black Prize for Best Paper in Physiological Measurement in 2008]. (PMID:18175857) (PMCID:2259026)
  6. Lo MT, Hu K, Liu Y, Peng C-K, Novak V. Multimodal pressure flow analysis: application of Hilbert- Huang transform in cerebral blood flow regulation. EURASIP Journal of Advances in Signal Processing 2008:785243. PMID: 18725996
  7. Neamatullah I, Douglass M, Lehman LH, Reisner A, Villarroel M, Long WJ, Szolovits P, Moody GB, Mark RG, Clifford GD. Automated de-identification of free-text medical records. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak, 8(32), 2008. (doi:10.1186/1472–6947-8–32) (PMID:18652655) (PMCID:2526997)
  8. Wolfberg AJ, DeRosier DJ, Roberts T, Syed Z, Clifford GD, Acker D, du Plessis AJ. A comparison of subjective and mathematical estimations of fetal heart rate variability. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 21(2):101–4, 2008. (doi:10.1080/14767050701836792) (PMID:18240077)
  9. Yeh GY, Mietus JE, Peng CK, Phillips RS, Davis RB, Wayne PM, Goldberger AL, Thomas RJ. Enhancement of sleep stability with Tai Chi exercise in chronic heart failure: preliminary findings using an ECG-based spectrogram method. Sleep Medicine 2008; 5::527–36. PMID: 17689142

2007

  1. Lian J, Clifford GD, Messig D, Lang V. Open source model for generating RR intervals in atrial fibrillation and beyond. BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 6(9):1–16, Mar. 2007. doi:10.1186/1475-925X-6-9. (PMID:17335580) (PMCID:1820785)
  2. Sameni R, Clifford GD, Shamsollahi MB, Jutten C. Multi-channel ECG and noise modeling: application to maternal and fetal ECG signals. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 2007(43407):1–14, 2007. (doi:10.1155/2007/43407)
  3. Sameni R, Shamsollahi MB, Jutten C, Clifford GD. A nonlinear Bayesian filtering framework for ECG denoising. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng, 54(12):2172–2185, Dec. 2007. (PMID: 18075033)

Conference proceedings and presentations

2018

  1. Johnson AEW, Mark RG. Real-time mortality prediction in the Intensive Care Unit. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2018;2017:994–1003. PMCID: PMC5977709.
  2. Lehman EP, Krishnan RG, Zhao X, Mark RG, Li-wei JH. Representation learning approaches to detect false arrhythmia alarms from ECG dynamics. Conf Proc Mach Learn Res. 2018:85:1–16.

2017

  1. Clifford GD, Liu C, Moody B, Lehman LH, Silva I, Li Q, Johnson AE, Mark RG. AF Classification from a short single lead ECG recording: the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2017. Comput Cardiol. 2017;44. PMCID: PMC5978770.
  2. Zalewski A, Long W, Johnson AEW, Mark RG, Lehman LH. Estimating patient’s health state using latent structure inferred from clinical time series and text. IEEE EMBS Int Conf Biomed Health Inform. 2017;2017:449–52. PMCID: PMC5473944.

2016

  1. Johnson AE, Ghassemi MM, Nemati S, Niehaus KE, Clifton DA, Clifford GD. Machine learning and decision support in critical care. Proc IEEE Inst Electr Electron Eng. 2016 Feb;104(2):444-466. Epub 2016 Jan 25. PMCID: PMC5066876.
  2. Mariani S, Borges AF, Henriques T, Thomas RJ, Leistedt SJ, Linkowski P, Lanquart JP, Goldberger AL, Costa MD. Analysis of the sleep EEG in the complexity domain. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2016 ;2016:6429–32. PMCID: PMC5501079.

2015

  1. Clifford G, Silva I, Moody B, Li Q, Kella D, Shahin A, Kooistra T, Perry D, Mark R. The PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2015: Reducing false arrhythmia alarms in the ICU. Comput Cardiol. 42:273–276, 2015.
  2. Mariani S, Borges AF, Henriques T, Goldberger AL, Costa MD. Use of multiscale entropy to facilitate artifact detection in electroencephalographic signals. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2015;2015:7869–72. (PMID: 26738116).

2014

  1. Ghassemi M, Lehman LH, Snoek J, Nemati S. Global optimization approaches for parameter tuning in biomedical signal processing: A focus of multi-scale entropy. Comput Cardiol, 41:993–996, 2014.
  2. Ghosh S, Feng M, Nguyen H, Li J. Predicting heart beats using co-occurring constrained sequential patterns. Comput Cardiol, 41:265–268, 2014.
  3. Moody GB, Moody B, Silva I. Robust detection of heart beats in multimodal data: the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2014. Comput Cardiol, 41:549–552, 2014. (PMID: 26217894)
  4. Naumann T, Silva I. Scaling the WFDB Toolbox for MATLAB and Octave. Comput Cardiol, 41:161–164, 2014.
  5. Springer DB, Brennan T, Hitzeroth J, Mayosi BM, Tarassenko L, Clifford GD. Robust heart rate estimation from noisy phonocardiograms. Comput Cardiol, 41:613–616, 2014.
  6. Zhang Z, Ghassemi M, Silva I, Ainslie P, Celi LA, Cheng GZ. Modeling circadian rhythm variations during sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, B105. SEPSIS: CARE MODELS AND OUTCOMES:A3795, May 2014.

2013

  1. Lehman LH, Nemati S, Adams RP, Moody G, Malhotra A, Mark RG. Tracking progression of patient state of health in critical care using inferred shared dynamics in physiological time series. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 7072–5, 2013. (PMID:24111374).
  2. Moody GB. LightWAVE: Waveform and annotation viewing and editing in a web browser. Comput Cardiol, 40:17–20, 2013.
  3. Nemati S, Lehman LH, Adams RP. Learning outcome-discriminative dynamics in multivariate physiological cohort time series. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 7104–7, 2013. (PMID:24111382).
  4. Silva I, Behar J, Sameni R, Zhu T, Oster J, Clifford GD, Moody GB. Noninvasive fetal ECG: the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2013. Comput Cardiol, 40:149–152, 2013. (PMID: 25401167).

2012

  1. Lehman L, Nemati S, Adams RP, Mark R. Discovering shared dynamics in physiological signals: Application to patient monitoring in ICU. Proc 34th IEEE EMBS, 2012.
  2. Lehman L, Saeed M, Long W, Lee J, Mark R. Risk stratification of ICU patients using topic models inferred from unstructured progress notes. AMIA Annu Symp Proc, Nov. 2012.
  3. Nemati S, Lehman L, Adams RP, Malhotra A. Discovering shared cardiovascular dynamics within a patient cohort. Proc 34th IEEE EMBS, 2012.
  4. Silva I, Moody G, Scott DJ, Celi LA, Mark RG. Predicting in-hospital mortality of ICU patients: The PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2012. Comput Cardiol, 39:245–248, 2012.

2011

  1. Lee J, Scott DJ, Villarroel M, Clifford GD, Mark RG. Open-access MIMIC-II database for intensive care research. Proc 33rd IEEE EMBS, 2011; 8315–8318.
  2. Mandelbaum T, Scott DJ, Lee J, Mark RG, Howell MD, Malhotra A, Talmor D. Validation of the AKIN criteria definition using high-resolution ICU data from the MIMIC-II database. Critical Care, 2011; 15(Suppl 1): 105.
  3. Moody GB, Mark RG, Goldberger AL. PhysioNet: Physiologic Signals, Time Series, and Related Open Source Software for Basic, Clinical, and Applied Research. Proc 33rd IEEE EMBS, 2011; 8327–8330.
  4. Silva I, Lee J, Mark RG. Photoplethysmograph Quality Estimation Through Multichannel Filtering. Proc 33rd IEEE EMBS, 2011; 4361–4364.
  5. Silva I, Moody G, Celi L. Improving the quality of ECGs collected using mobile phones: The Physionet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2011. Comput Cardiol, 38 (2011) [in press].
  6. Moody BE. A rule-based method for ECG quality control. Comput Cardiol, 38 (2011) [in press].

2010

  1. Celi L, Hug C, Villarroel M, Clifford G, Mark R. Issues with data mining: predictive modeling on critically ill patients who develop acute renal failure. Crit Care Med, Jan. 2010.
  2. Celi L, Villarroel M, Davidzon G, Galvin S, Clifford G, Galvin I, Bunton R, Szolovits P. Comparing the performance of customized mortality prediction models using local database against current standard scoring systems. Crit Care Med, Jan. 2010.
  3. Craig M, Moody B, Jia S, Villarroel M, Mark R. Matching data fragments with imperfect identifiers from disparate sources. Comput Cardiol, 37:793–796, Sept. 2010.
  4. Lee J, Mark RG. A hypotensive episode predictor for intensive care based on heart rate and blood pressure time series. Comput Cardiol, 37:81–84, Sept. 2010.
  5. Lehman L, Saeed M, Moody GB, Mark RG. Hypotension as a risk factor for acute kidney injury in ICU patients. Comput Cardiol, 37:1095–1098, Sept. 2010.
  6. Lojun SL, Sauper CJ, Medow M, Long WJ, Mark RG, Barzilay R. Investigating resuscitation code assignment in the intensive care unit using structured and unstructured data. AMIA Annu Symp Proc, 2010:467–471, 2010. (PMID:21347022)
  7. Mandelbaum T, Scott DJ, Mark RG, Howell MD, Malhutra A, Talmor DS. Outcome of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury using the AKIN criteria. Poster presentation at the Critical Care Canada Forum 2010, November 7–10, 2010, Toronto, Canada, Nov. 2010.
  8. Moody GB. The PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2010: Mind the gap. Comput Cardiol, 37:305–308, Sept. 2010.
  9. Silva I. PhysioNet 2010 Challenge: A robust multi-channel adaptive filtering approach to the estimation of physiological recordings. Comput Cardiol, 37:313–316, Sept. 2010.

2009

  1. Celi LA, Villarroel M, Clifford G, Szolovits P. Local customized mortality prediction modeling for patients with acute kidney injury admitted to the intensive care unit. Presentation at the Sixth International Meeting on Computational Intelligence Methods for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Genova, Italy (http://cibb09.disi.unige.it), Oct. 2009.
  2. Chen T, Clifford GD, Mark RG. The effect of signal quality on six cardiac output estimators. Comput Cardiol, 36:197–200, Sept. 2009. (PMID:20740055) (PMCID:2926988)
  3. Moody GB, Lehman LH. Predicting acute hypotensive episodes: The 10th annual PhysioNet/Computers in Cardiology Challenge. Comput Cardiol, 36:541–544, Sept. 2009. (PMID:20842209) (PMCID:2937253)

2008

  1. Clifford GD, Nemati S, Sameni R. An artificial multi-channel model for generating abnormal electrocardiographic rhythms. Comput Cardiol, 35:773–776, Sept. 2008. (PMID:20808722) (PMCID:2929834)
  2. Dawoud F, Wagner GS, Moody G, Horácek BM. Using inverse electrocardiography to image myocardial infarction-reflecting on the 2007 PhysioNet/Computers in Cardiology Challenge. J Electrocardiol 41(6):630–5 (2008 Nov-Dec). (PMID:18954610)
  3. Khaustov A, Nemati S, Clifford GD. An open-source standard T-wave alternans detector for benchmarking. Comput Cardiol, 35:509–512, Sept. 2008. (PMID:20798786) (PMCID:2927842)
  4. Lehman LH, Saeed M, Moody GB, Mark RG. Similarity-based searching in multi-parameter time series databases. Comput Cardiol, 35:653–656, Sept. 2008. (PMID:21179377) (PMCID:3004130)
  5. Li Q, Clifford GD. Suppression of false arrhythmia alarms from ICU monitors using heart rate estimation based on combined arterial blood pressure and ECG analysis. Shanghai, China, May 2008.
  6. Moody GB. The PhysioNet/Computers in Cardiology Challenge 2008: T-wave alternans. Comput Cardiol, 35:505–508, Sept. 2008. (PMID:19779602) (PMCID:2749698)

2007

  1. Hug C, Clifford GD. An analysis of the errors in recorded heart rate and blood pressure in the ICU using a complex set of signal quality metrics. Comput Cardiol, 34:641–645, Sept. 2007.
  2. Lehman LH, Kyaw TH, Clifford GD, Mark RG. A temporal search engine for a massive multi-parameter clinical information database. Comput Cardiol, 34:637–640, Sept. 2007.
  3. Villarroel M, Saeed A, Clifford GD, Moody GB, Mark RG. Finding relevant cases in large databases of signals, time series, and clinical data. Comput Cardiol, 34:265–268, Sept. 2007.
  4. Wolfberg AJ, Syed Z, Clifford GD, Tin A, Guttag J, du Plessis AJ. Entropy of fetal EKG associated with intrapartum fever. New England Conference on Perinatal Research, Oct. 2007.

Review Paper

  1. Peng C-K, Costa M, Goldberger AL. Adaptive data analysis of complex fluctuations in physiologic time series. Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis 2009;1:61.

Books and Book Chapters

2018

  1. Goldberger AL. Electrocardiography. In: Jameson JL, et al. Eds. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 20th edition. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2018.
  2. Mirvis DM, Goldberger AL. Electrocardiography. In: Zipes DP, et al. Eds. Braunwald’s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 11th edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders, 2018.

2017

  1. Goldberger AL, Goldberger ZD, Shvilkin A. Goldberger’s Clinical Electrocardiography: A Simplified Approach. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, May, 2017. (Translated into multiple languages, including: Greek, Spanish, Chinese, Russian, Turkish, and Japanese.)

2013

  1. Heldt T, Verghese GC, Mark RG. Mathematical modeling of physiological systems. In Batzel JJ, Bachar M, Kappel F, editors, Mathematical Modeling and Validation in Physiology: Applications to the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, chapter 2, 21–41. Springer Verlag, 2013.

2011

  1. Celi LA, Tang RJ, Villarroel MC, Davidzon G, Lester WT, Chueh HC. In Chyu MC, editor, Advances in Critical Care Engineering, chapter 10, 171–83. Multi-Science Publishing Co., Ltd., 2011.
  2. Goldberger AL. Electrocardiography. In: Longo DL et al., editors, Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011.
  3. Heldt T, Verghese GC, Mark RG. Mathematical modeling of physiological systems. In Batzel J, Kappel F, Bachar M, editors, Biomedical Modelling and Cardiovascular-Respiratory Control: Theory and Practice, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, chapter 1. Springer Verlag, 2011. Accepted for publication.
  4. Mirvis DM, Goldberger AL. Electrocardiography. In: Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, editors, Braunwald’s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 9th edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 2011.

Electronic Publications

Books

  1. Clifford GD, Scott DJ, Villarroel M. User Guide and Documentation for the MIMIC II Database (revision 290, 7 September 2011)
    http://mimic.mit.edu/archive/mimic-ii-guide.pdf
  2. Moody GB. WFDB Programmer’s Guide (10th edition, revised March 2014)
    http://physionet.org/physiotools/wpg/wpg.htm
  3. Moody GB. WFDB Applications Guide (10th edition, revised for release 10.5.23, March 2014)
    http://physionet.org/physiotools/wag/wag.htm
  4. Moody GB. WAVE User’s Guide (5th edition, revised March 2014)
    http://physionet.org/physiotools/wug/wug.htm

Tutorials

  1. Mietus JE, Goldberger AL. Heart rate variability analysis with the HRV toolkit: basic time and frequency domain measures (26 January 2009)
    http://physionet.org/tutorials/hrv-toolkit/
  2. Moody GB. An Introduction to the PhysioBank Archives (revised 4 October 2011)
    http://physionet.org/physiobank/physiobank-intro.shtml
  3. Moody GB. How to set up a mirror of PhysioNet (revised 11 September 2011)
    http://physionet.org/mirrors/mirror-howto.shtml
  4. Moody GB. How to create and manage a PhysioNetWorks project (15 August 2011)
    https://physionet.org/users/help/pnw-howto.shtml
  5. Moody GB. WFDB quick start for Mac OS X (Darwin) (revised 6 August 2011)
    http://physionet.org/physiotools/wfdb-darwin-quick-start.shtml
  6. Moody GB. WFDB SWIG Wrappers (revised 12 July 2011)
    http://physionet.org/physiotools/wfdb-swig.shtml
  7. Moody GB. Finding Records in PhysioBank using standard command-line tools (5 June 2011)
    http://physionet.org/physiobank/database/pbs.shtml
  8. Moody GB. Contributing to PhysioNet (revised 25 May 2011)
    http://physionet.org/guidelines.shtml
  9. Moody GB. Using the MIMIC II Database (revised 9 May 2011)
    http://physionet.org/physiobank/tutorials/using-mimic2/
  10. Moody GB. CVSim: a cardiovascular simulator (with Catherine Dunn; revised 11 April 2011)
    http://physionet.org/physiotools/cvsim/
  11. Moody GB. Data Sharing Services on PhysioNet (8 April 2011)
    https://physionet.org/users/help/data-sharing/
  12. Moody GB. What is PHI? (8 April 2011)
    https://physionet.org/users/help/data-sharing/phi.shtml
  13. Moody GB. De-identification: software and test data (with Li-wei Lehman; revised 28 February 2011)
    http://physionet.org/physiotools/deid/
  14. Moody GB. Frequently Asked Questions about PhysioNet (revised 21 February 2011)
    http://physionet.org/faq.shtml
    The FAQ is not really a tutorial, but it includes about 20 "micro-tutorials" among the answers to about 80 questions.
  15. Moody GB. Software for Matlab and Octave: Reading and writing PhysioBank and compatible data (revised 7 December 2010)
    http://physionet.org/physiotools/matlab/
  16. Moody GB. The WFDB Software Package: Software for viewing, analyzing, and creating recordings of physiologic signals (revised 11 August 2010)
    http://physionet.org/physiotools/wfdb.shtml
  17. Moody GB. The WFDB Toolbox for Matlab (with Michael Craig; revised 9 August 2010)
    http://physionet.org/physiotools/matlab/wfdb-swig-matlab/
  18. Moody GB. An Introduction to Cygwin (revised 27 July 2010)
    http://physionet.org/physiotools/cygwin/
  19. Moody GB. WFDB quick start for GNU/Linux (revised 24 March 2010)
    http://physionet.org/physiotools/wfdb-linux-quick-start.shtml
  20. Moody GB. WFDB quick start for MS-Windows (revised 13 October 2009)
    http://physionet.org/physiotools/wfdb-windows-quick-start.shtml
  21. Moody GB. RR Intervals, Heart Rate, and HRV Howto (revised 13 March 2009)
    http://physionet.org/tutorials/hrv/
  22. Moody GB. An Introduction to PhysioToolkit (revised 27 February 2008)
    http://physionet.org/physiotools/getting-started.shtml
  23. Moody GB. Digitizing Paper ECGs and Other Plots (revised 27 February 2008)
    http://physionet.org/physiotools/digitizing/
  24. Moody GB. How to obtain PhysioBank data in text form (26 February 2008)
    http://physionet.org/tutorials/physiobank-text.shtml
  25. Nathanson LA, Safran C, McClennen S, Goldberger AL. ECG Wave-Maven: Self-assessment program for students and clinicians (revised September 2014)
    http://ecg.bidmc.harvard.edu/maven/mavenmain.asp

US Patents and Patent applications

  1. Costa MD, Goldberger AL.
    Non-invasive cardiovascular risk assessment using heart rate variability fragmentation.
    (International Application Number: PCT/US18/24107), 2018, Mar 23.
  2. Goldberger AL, Costa MD, Peng C-K.
    Complexity-Based Dynamical Assay for Assessing the Toxicity and Efficacy of Pharmacological and other Therapeutic Interventions.
    US Patent 7,601,124 (issued October 13, 2009)
  3. Mietus JE, Peng C-K, Thomas RJ, Goldberger AL.
    Assessment of sleep quality and sleep disordered breathing based on cardiopulmonary coupling.
    US Patent 7,734,334 (issued June 8, 2010)
  4. Goldberger AL, Costa MD, Peng C-K.
    Complexity-based dynamical analysis of a network.
    US Patent 7,882,167 (issued February 1, 2011)
  5. Costa MD, Ghiran I, Peng C-K, Nicholson-Well A, Goldberger AL.
    Complexity-Based Analysis of Cellular Flickering.
    US Patent Application 12/457480 (filed June 12, 2009)
  6. Costa MD, Goldberger AL.
    Complexity Based Methods and Systems for Detecting Depression.
    US Patent Application (filed July 18, 2011; application number not yet received)
  7. Costa MD, Stirling LA, Niemi JB, Goldberger AL.
    Quantitative Methods and Systems for Neurological Assessment.
    US Patent Application (filed September 26, 2011; application number not yet received)

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PhysioNet is supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) and the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) under NIH grant number 2R01GM104987-09.