Unconstrained and Metronomic Walking
Fractal dynamics were recently detected in the apparently “noisy” variations in the stride interval of human walking. Dynamical analysis of these step-to-step fluctuations revealed a self-similar pattern: fluctuations at one time scale are statistically similar to those at multiple other time scales, at least over hundreds of steps, while healthy subjects walk at their normal rate. To study the stability of this fractal property, we analyzed data obtained from ten healthy subjects who walked for 1 hour at their usual, slow and fast paces. The stride interval fluctuations exhibited long-range correlations with power-law decay for up to a thousand strides at all three walking rates. In contrast, during metronomically-paced walking, these long-range correlations disappeared; variations in the stride interval were anti-correlated. The long-range correlations observed during spontaneous walking were not affected by removal of drifts in the time series. Thus, the fractal dynamics of spontaneous stride interval are normally quite robust and intrinsic to the locomotor system. Furthermore, this fractal property of neural output may be related to the higher nervous centers responsible for control of walking rhythm.
Stride interval fluctuations were studied in ten young, healthy men. Participants had no history of any neuromuscular, respiratory or cardiovascular disorders, and were taking no medications. Mean age was 21.7 years (range: 18-29 years). Height was 1.77 ± 0.08 meters (mean ± S.D.) and weight was 71.8 ± 10.7 kg. All subjects provided informed written consent.
Subjects walked continuously on level ground around an obstacle free, long (either 225 or 400 meters), approximately oval path and the stride interval was measured using ultra-thin, force sensitive switches taped inside one shoe. For more details, please see the accompanying publication.
Each subject was given an arbitrary id (si01, si02, ... si10). For each subject, there are six data files: normal (.norm), slow (.slow) and fast (.fast) walking for 1 hour each as well as walking in time to a metronome at normal (.metnrm), slow (.metslw) and fast (.metfst) paces.
We find robust long-range correlations during unconstrained walking at all three walking rates and anti-correlations during metronomic walking. What do you find? Are there other rate or condition dependent effects on the histogram or the dynamics?
For more information, please see:
or contact Jeff Hausdorff.
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